ATP is the principle form of stored energy used for cellular functions and is frequently referred to as the energy currency of the cell. The nutrients broken down through cellular respiration lose electrons throughout the process and are said to be oxidized.
When oxygen is used to help drive the oxidation of nutrients the process is called aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration is common among the eukaryotes, including humans, and takes place mostly within the mitochondria. Respiration occurs within the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. Several prokaryotes and a few eukaryotes use an inorganic molecule other than oxygen to drive the oxidation of their nutrients in a process called anaerobic respiration.
Electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration include nitrate, sulfate, carbon dioxide, and several metal ions. Krebs cycle : conversion of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen. In order to begin the Krebs cycle, pyruvic must react with a coenzyme called acetyl co-A. The purpose of the chemical reactions is to. CO 2 is released from the reactions. It requires 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to completely break down one molecule of glucose.
Electron transport chain : series of redox reactions using the hydrogen released in the Krebs cycle. Produces most of the ATP in cellular respiration.
Occurs in the chloroplasts. Requires the green pigment cholorphyll. The Chloroplast. Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Thylakoids: Disk shaped membranes containing photosynthetic pigments. Site of light reactions. Grana: Stacks of thylakoids. ATP is made of one adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups, called Pi for short.
Each molecule of ATP stores a small quantity of chemical energy. Energy is required to regenerate molecules of ATP that have been broken down.
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